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In his 2003 novel The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini exposes and discusses the ethnic and religious discrimination found in past and present day Afghanistan. Despite their growing political clout, many Hazaras continue to feel discriminated against. Parehan-u-tunban, similar to pajamas. They tell stories of their history, their ancestors, and their heroes. Some beliefs include the evil eye, ghosts, and several other superstitions about animals and nighttime. id="publication-detail-page" Pashtun and hazara similarities between christianity And its fighters made good on such threats. Amir lives in Kabul, Afghanistan. The discrimination of Hassan causes violence as he gets raped solely because he was a Hazara. To secure guarantees of Hazara rights and protection, it can leverage the aid the Taliban has requested. That is why people, like Assef, thought that they could treat . Their ethnic differences tore them apart causing a great deal of discrimination and cruelty. These experiences have led some to consider Hazaras to be one of themost persecuted people in the world. Hazara Afghans are among the millions of refugees fleeing to Europe in search of a better future. Theyre very similar in most ways, but just like Catholics and Protestants, they consider their comparatively small differences to be very important. Handayani, Fadlilah S. "Racial Discrimination Towards the Hazaras as Reflected in Khaled Hosseini's the Kite Runner." Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Hazaras live in the central mountains of Afghanistan. In The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini shows that an individual's social status affects their future through the way Hazaras are treated in Afghanistan. If we are united no one would dare to break us. Pashtuns and Hazaras differ in terms of religious beliefs, cultural practices, social status, and physical appearances. Hazaras are genetically different than Pashtuns & Tajiks and generally have Mongolic looks which is closer to Turkmen & Uzbeks. True Muslim speak truth. 5 Whats the difference between a Pashtun and an Afghan? Understanding the differences between these two groups helps you understand the relationships in the story. Interviews with several Ghazni residents established that under such an understanding the Taliban allowed schools, other government institutions, services, and projects to function unhindered in Hazara communities while preventing them from operating in Pashtun-populated regions. The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have already stopped payments to Kabul, while the US has frozen the countrys assets held on US territory. According to the representative survey, 43% of the population identifies as Pashtun, 27% as Tajik, 15% as Hazara, 8% as Uzbek, 2% as . To make matters confusing, though, Pashtuns are Sunni Muslims and Hazaras are Shi'a Muslims. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Afghanistan is a multiethnic society consisting of a wide variety of ethno linguistic groups. June 3, 2022 . Pashtun culture is based on traditional code of Pashtunwali, whch tells the individual how to behave as individual and in the society. A Hazara is one of two Ethnic groups in Afghanistan. What are the main differences between the Pashtuns and Hazaras? It seems like everywhere, Amir, the protagonist, looks society seems into two parts. In the historical fiction novel, The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini, Amir, the main protagonist, is a Pashtun with traumatic childhood experiences and tense relations with his father. Amirs decision to do nothing has major consequences that he must deal with. You say that the hazaras are shia muslims. They feel they should still be servants and labourers., READ MORE: Desperate journeys persecuted Hazara flee Afghanistan. The Hazaras: Centuries-long Oppression - Peace for Asia Hazaras and Pushtons are two different ethnic groups of Afghanistan. Pashtu, written in the Perso-Arabic script. Etymology. The state, identity politics and ethnic boundaries in Afghanistan: The Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Hazara vs. Pashtun - The Kite Runner - Google Many people dont know that a divide even exists or are very ignorant when it comes to the religion and culture itself. The risk of ethnic cleansing and evengenocidethat they face should be a matter of international concern and international human rights bodies need to take action. It is also not surprising that, despite the insistence by the Taliban that it can provide security and peace in Afghanistan, ISKP has continued its deadly attacks against the Hazaras. The Pashtuns had lighter skin, hair and eyes. As the years went on, the Pashtuns and Hazara people continued to despise each other, and after the Soviets left Afghanistan, the Taliban was able to rise to power. Hazaras and Pushtons are two different ethnic groups of Afghanistan. Then earlier this month, the organisation released evidence of another massacre in which 13 Hazaras, including a 17-year-old girl, were killed in late August in Daykundi province. Desi isnt a term for Baluch and Pashtun. Whats the difference between a Pashtun and an Afghan? This is caused by insufficient potassium reaching the fruit due to environmental factors such as high air/soil temperatures and overcast skies or heavy fruit load on plants with lower organic matter content in their soils. The Kuchi-Hazara Conflict, Again. Examples Of Discrimination In The Kite Runner - 626 Words | 123 Help Me This is an important theme throughout the novel as it will drastically affect the relation between Amir and Hassan because one is a Pashtun and one is . His best friend Hassan lives with him and is his best friend. Their presence in Afghanistan has been attested since the beginning of the Mughal dynasty in the 16th century. The Hazaras form a minority group of Afghanistan, and thus are persecuted by the majority groups. The Hazaras concluded the most deals, he said. For nearly 18 years, Afghanistans hard-line Islamist Taliban movement largely refrained from attacking the countrys predominately Shiite Hazara minority. The tw. Loyalty and Betrayal in "The Kite Runner". Hassan later on gets killed for being a Hazara. Khaled Hosseinis first novel, The Kite Runner, comments on the social conditions of Afghanistan through telling a story about the lives of two Muslim boys; a privileged Sunni Pashtun, Amir, and his long-time friend and servant, Hassan, a loyal but disadvantaged Shia Hazara. In 1998, as the armed group was attempting to establish full control over Afghanistan, it laid a siege on Hazarajat, blocking supply routes andstarvingthe civilian population. One of the major differences between them is that they both generally follow different branches of Islam and thus their fundamental principles are different. Pashtuns and Hazaras differ in terms of religious beliefs, cultural practices, social status, and physical appearances. Social status allows the powerful to gain more power, while pushing the struggling deeper into a hole. Hosseini breaks down post 9/11 stereotypes by showing that a person's socio-economic class or ethnic group does not determine their ability to form friendships, feel guilt and seek redemption. Hazaras were sold as slaves as late as the 19th century. These choices result in Amir destroying his relationship with Hassan. I am Hezara in Islam there is no Shia Sunni? The Hazara people are mainly comprised of Shi'a Muslims, with small minority (5%) of Sunni Muslims. Since 2015, the emergence of the even more extreme Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP) unleashed an even deadlierwave of attackson the Hazara population, with suicide bombers targeting schools, mosques and even hospitals in Hazara neighbourhoods. Due to Hassan being a Hazara, Baba avoids social embarrassment by not exposing the truth of Hassan being his son. The 25-year-old and her family were one of hundreds of Hazara families forcibly evicted from . 6 What kind of religion are the Hazaras of Afghanistan? In the novel ,The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, the main character Amir is a coward. Hazaras are predominantly Shia Muslims, with some Ismaili and Sunni Muslims. Members of Hazara minority from Malistan and Jaghuri districts of restive Ghazni province arrive in the provincial capital Ghazni to take refuge on November 12. Updates? What happened between the Pashtuns and Hazaras? Despite ample rhetoric on the need to protect religious minorities, regional players have also not stepped in to help the Hazara people. There are 14 nationally recognized ethnic groups in Afghanistan, including Tajiks, Pashtuns, Hazaras, Uzbeks and others who make up less than 2% each. Their Asiatic features and language a dialect of Persian set them apart from other Afghans, including the predominant ethnic Pashtun. In Mazar-e-Sharif, a local Taliban court decided to expel some 2,000 families, again based on false claims that they do not own their homes. The theme of discrimination against a specific group of people in The Kite Runner was expressed through the use of similes. The Hazaras are discriminated against and looked down upon. But the Taliban fighters active here come from various regions and ethnic groups of Afghanistan. In the novel The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini purposely utilizes setting to play a pivotal role in the portrayal of an important focus when narrating a post 9/11 Afghan and American novel. All Afghans face precarious and dangerous circumstances in their country, but the situation is particularly desperate for the Hazaras, who have been historically marginalised, dispossessed and massacred. Intense shelling, arbitrary killings of civilians and targeting of Hazara men resulted inhundreds killedand forcibly disappeared. Pashtun, Hazara, Aimaqs - The Kite Runner Hazaras are also considered to be Turko-Mongol as they look like Mongolians and East Asians whereas they share a cultural background with the Turkic people of Central Asia. Significant communities of Hazara also exist in Iran and Baluchistan (Pakistan). The Hazaras have been persecuted by Pashtun leaders, civil warlords, the Taliban, ISIS and others due to their Shi'a Muslim beliefs. "The repeated kidnapping of Hazara women prompted them [the Hazaras] to kidnap 14 Pashtun women and children from Gazey village in the Khak-e Afghan district [of Zabul Province]," the report said. One of the most important dilemmas was the ethnic differences between the Pashtuns and the Hazaras. Indeed, the main stakes and conflicts arise among the heirs of the same man, especially among sedentary farmers. Amir and Hassan have different ethnic groups: Amir is Pashtun and Hassan is Hazara. Later in the book, Hassan and his wife are staying at Babas old house. If Hassan and Amir were raised as brothers, Amir would have seen Hassan as an equal, rather than looking down upon him. Nazar Muhammad Mutmaeen, a Kabul-based former Taliban official, says both the Taliban and Hazara community -- which is spread over several provinces in central Afghanistan -- largely respected an understanding that required them to keep out of each others affairs. This idea explains the main injustice that Hosseini presents the reader, conflicts between the religion of the Hazaras and Pashtuns. Stereotypes In The Kite Runner - 624 Words | Bartleby The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, although fiction, engages and allows the reader to have an inside view on the Afghani religion and culture. What are the main differences between the Pashtuns and Hazaras? The Pashtuns are of the Sunni religion whereas the Hazaras are the Shia, however both groups are considered Muslims; this is similar to Protestants and Catholics within Christianity. Key Difference: Hazaras are members of an Afghan ethnic minority group, whereas the Pashtuns are a united group of tribes composing the largest ethnic group of Afghanistan. Tehran supported the Taliban in its fight against the US and even hosted some of its leaders; its policies towards Afghanistan are built on its perceived national interest. Human Rights Watch estimated that at least 2,000 people of different ethnic communities, including Hazaras, were killed and according to estimates by Hazara groups, the death toll may be as high as15,000. This connection manifests in the relationship between Amir and Hassan, though Amir is true to Hassan in private, he feels the need to relate to Hassan according to the prevailing social hierarchy in public. Since the Pashtuns are in control, the Hazaras don't get much space in the official history of . The fighting is tinged by ethnic tensions as many Taliban leaders and cadres are ethnic Pashtuns. similarities between pashtuns and hazaras - rtr-funding.com Hassan also grows up in Amirs backyard and they spend most of their time playing together, however their difference in religion sets them apart. Shiite Muslims correspond with the Hazara ethnic group, but the Sunni Muslims correspond with the Pashtun ethnic group. As a result of this discrimination, the violence experienced in Kabul, shape the rest of Amirs. The Pashtuns are of the Sunni religion whereas the Hazaras are the Shia, however both groups are considered Muslims; this is similar to Protestants and Catholics within Christianity. Even though Amir and Hassan have grown up together in the novel, there is a noticeable difference between them. Hazara youth were quick to embrace all forms of education and emerged at the forefront of social change initiatives, while Hazara women pushed for womens emancipation. It is estimated that Hazarajat lost some 60 percent of its population to ethnic cleansing, which has led some scholars to term the carnage a genocide. Most of them are Shii Muslims of the Twelver faith, although some are Ismal or Sunni. Hazaras afterwards Pushtons are two another national groups of Afghanistan. Expectedly, no Hazara representative was included in the Taliban governmentannouncedin September. Hasan also is not educated like Amir, and neither Amir nor Hassan question that. Turks and Pashtun Afghans do not belong to same ethnic group. The understanding was that the Taliban will not be harmed by the Hazaras while members of Hazara militias, too, will refrain from traveling to regions controlled by the Taliban, Mutmaeen told Radio Free Afghanistan. The return of the Taliban to power in Kabul has meant not only a rollback of the limited social gains the Hazaras had achieved, but also new atrocities against the community. Until recent decades, few attended university or held government positions. Many people grouped us into the same category because we are both Muslim, sometimes even mixing up our names. Think of it like the difference between German and English. The Hazaras had darker skin, flattened noses, and slanted eyes. They largely avoided interfering in each others affairs during all these years.. For centuries, the stone sentinels stood watch over the Silk Road. Amirs self image at the beginning of the novel is one in which he views himself as a coward, worthless and selfish. If there was no fight between the Hazara and Pashtun people, then Baba would have been . They have historically held a higher social status and have been more influential in politics and society. The international community must pressure the Taliban to guarantee the protection of the rights of the Hazara people, to ensure a genocide against them does not take place. Copyright 2023, Difference Between | Descriptive Analysis and Comparisons. The 2004 Afghanistan Constitution ( PDF ) granted Hazaras equal rights, and they were well-represented in the administration of former Afghan President Hamid Karzai. by | Jun 10, 2022 | car diagnostic tool finance | celebrities born on solar eclipse | Jun 10, 2022 | car diagnostic tool finance | celebrities born on solar eclipse But Hazara lawmaker Arif Rahmani, a representative of Ghazni in the Afghan Parliament, rejected the claim that his community had ever concluded a deal with the Taliban. They mostly speak the Pashto language (a language from Indo-Iranian language family). A significant number are also followers of the Ismaili sect while a small number are Sunni Muslim. In 1993, President Burhanuddin Rabbani, worried by the positions that Hazara armed groups had taken in Kabuls Shia-majority areas, decided to launch an offensive against them. Those living in rural areas were denied public services. Alteration Among | Colourful Assay afterwards Comparisons Answer Alteration: Hazaras are members of an Afghan cultural marginal assemblage, where the Pashtuns are a cohesive assemblage of tribes composing the largest cultural assemblage of Afghanistan. They generally reside in Southeastern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan. Over the many years as a result of political unrest in Afghanistan some Hazaras have migrated to Iran. Because of the contrasting history of the two groups, their responses to the Talibans takeover of Kabul were complete opposites. The etymology of the word "Hazara" remains disputed, but some have differing opinions on the term. There is a serious conflict between these two groups which started shortly after the founding of Afghanistan in 1747. Although discrimination in the country continued, the community was able to participate in public life much more freely. They primarily worship a single god named as Allah. Thenewly appointedUnited Nations special rapporteur on Afghanistan must immediately investigate the systematic attacks and forced displacement of Hazaras to ensure those responsible are identified and held to account. Afghanistan is the land of the Pashtunsnot the flat-nosed Hazaras, these people pollute our homeland. As a Muslim, I think The Kite Runner accurately describes the divide among the religion of Islam. The Hazaras say they are considered outsiders in their own country and have been persecuted throughout history. Early sweet peppers are a great addition to any garden. No your are wrong most of the hazars are Shia not Sunni. What are the similarities and differences between Pashtuns and Hazaras