PDF Cognitivd Complianc Es Consequence of Force E AP Psychology Unit 9 Flashcards | Quizlet endobj Festinger and Carlsmith then investigated whether there's a standing evidence of cognitive dissonance where boring tasks were seen as enjoyable. To study this, Festinger and Carlsmith performed an experiment using seventy-one male students at . Subjects in both groups typically agreed to tell the next subject that the experiment was interesting. 0000094931 00000 n B. Jeff is assuming a, Cheryl got a bad grade on her test, which she attributes to the fact that she had to work overtime throughout the week and so could not study as much as usual. The reliabilities of these ratings, that is, the correlations between the two independent raters, ranged from .61 to .88, with an average reliability of .71. "Italian food is the best of the European cuisines.". bystander effect and diffusion of responsibly. The subjects were divided into two groups, A and B, where Group A was provided no introduction regarding the tasks they will be performing and Group B was. 1. This means you're free to copy, share and adapt any parts (or all) of the text in the article, as long as you give appropriate credit and provide a link/reference to this page. Hoffer pointed out that, after the Nazis had started persecuting the Jews, it became easier for the average German citizen to hate the Jews. Since these derivations are stated in detail by Festinger (1957, Ch. The same logic applies to selfish concerns such as getting other people to respect you. Jane used ______ when receiving the officer's message. I hope you did enjoy it. Rating scale -5 to +5, Did the experiment give the subject an opportunity to learn about their own abilities? stream The results on this question are shown in the second row of figures in Table 1. Violent video games have been blamed for all but which of the following? (p.47). Boulding, K. E. (1969) The grants economy. The three components of attitude are _____, thoughts, and actions. Let us then see what can be said about the total magnitude of dissonance in a person created by the knowledge that he said "not X" and really believes "X." $20 in the 1950s was equivalent to over $100 now. task faced a greater degree of dissonance than the ones who were paid $20, so Copyright 2007-2018 Russ Dewey What happens to a person's private opinion if he is forced to do or say something contrary to that opinion? :>"we>WN,}Arj*L^{l"C9](j0xfyK.1^8 jKbE#/`^%]Ply48o~9cw+ecw/j;k`t)# -3ffua0D@~1` cp \nO7uF& o>u$]oK' 2WBxK>rVyRZ 7%M6xdKmUD}],'WpaB2t$t@^K,JLiM 6H] WA@'n. Behavior and Attitudes - Why does our Behavior Affect our Attitudes This, however, was unlikely in this experiment because money was used for the reward and it is undoubtedly difficult to convince oneself that one dollar is more than it really is. On the other hand, people paid only $1 were more likely to say, when asked later, that the experiment was "not bad" or that it was "interesting.". If you want to keep people from hating each other, work on eliminating hateful behavior. /ImageB It was too long, and that preacher wasn't dressed up enough" would be an example of which type of processing? A rating of how persuasive and convincing the S was in what he said and the way in which he said it. On the other hand, the ones who were paid $20, apparently had the money as their primary justification for carrying out their task. When Gene goes out of town, he expects, in return, that Roger will water his plants. Which of the following is not one of the reasons given by the text for interpersonal attraction? You should not put up with abuse, because people who treat you poorly will adopt negative beliefs about you, in order to be consistent with their behavior toward you. This was rated in the same way as for the content before the remark. All experimental Ss in both One Dollar and Twenty Dollar conditions were asked, after this explanation, to return the money they had [p. 207] been given. We wish to thank Leonard Hommel, Judson Mills, and Robert Terwilliger for their help in designing and carrying out the experiment. Two derivations from this theory are tested here. _________ has been linked to higher levels of aggression. The participants were asked to carry out series of monotonous tasks that were meant to be boring and nonsensical. They were instructed to put spools onto and off the try with only one hand for half an hour, and then turn 48 square pegs clockwise for the next half hour. 2. /Linearized 1.0 /Contents 58 0 R In the study, undergraduate students of Introductory Psychology at Stanford University were asked to take part of a series of experiments. The defendant was not very well spoken and came from a very poor background, but Sandy listened carefully to the evidence presented and made her decision based on that. Three other participants declined the offer and another one, though he gave the girl a positive briefing, he asked for the girl's number afterwards so he can, according to him, explain to her further what the study is about. A follow-up psychiatric exam found no signs of psychological problems after 1 year. Cognitive dissonance theory implies that if you demand respect, you will get it. 2. Which of the following represents the cognitive component of an attitude? When the S arrived for the experiment on "Measures of Performance" he had to wait for a few minutes in the secretary's office. Ben Franklin gave some peculiar advice that makes sense in the context of cognitive dissonance theory. The major results of the experiment are summarized in Table 1 which lists, separately for each of the three experimental conditions, the average rating which the Ss gave at the end of each question on the interview. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Martha doesn't want her young son to touch the heating stove. A laboratory experiment was designed to test these derivations. >> John was late to class, and his friend Eddie assumes that John simply doesn't care about being on time. Their data, however, are not included in the analysis. Psychol., 1954, 49, 211-218. If you want to dislike someone, do them wrong. Classics in the History of Psychology -- Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) In the chapter section Attitudes and Behaviours that Affect Social Interaction, Paul Angelini (2011) introdected the negative elements of social interactio Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards; Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card; audio not yet available for this language, In Solomon Asch's study, confederates were instructed to, give the incorrect answer to the line-matching task. The opposite of Franklin's principle is described by Eric Hoffer, in The True Believer (1951). Two studies reported by Janis and King (1954; 1956) clearly showed that, at least under some conditions, the private opinion changes so as to bring it into closer correspondence with the overt behavior the person was forced to perform. asking people to work on separate projects but in the same room. ________ describes the situation in which people attend to the content of a message. This hypothetical stress brings the subject to intrinsically believe that the activity is indeed interesting and enjoyable. D. It was Nicole's first year of high school. This is most like which of the following techniques? 2. According to Festinger and Carlsmith, the participants experienced dissonance between the conflicting cognitions of telling someone that a particular task is interesting when the truth is, they found it rather uninteresting and boring. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203-211. Since these derivations are stated in detail by Festinger (1957, Ch. For an hour, you are required to perform dull tasks, such as turning wooden knobs again and again. (The secretary had left the office.) & KING, B.T. 0000000658 00000 n He then said: The E then took the S into the secretary's office where he had previously waited and where the next S was waiting. The third asks whether that subject finds the activity important, again using the scale of 0 to 10. Mental patterns that represent what a person believes about certain types of people are called________. We'll bring you back here when you are done. Cognitive Dissonance | SiOWfa15: Science in Our World: Certainty and Imagine you are a participant in a famous experiment staged by the creative Festinger and his student J. Merrill Carlsmith (1959). 3. The subjects were then again interviewed afterwards and were asked to rate four different areas of the experiment. Only recently has there been any experimental work related to this question. Hoffer, E. (1951) The True Believer. Research on conformity suggests that if a _____ response is required, ______ show more conformity than ______. (1957) Attitude change through reward of verbal behavior. /E 95019 << Karen is engaging in, The sadistic behavior of the "guards" in Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Study, highlighted the influence that a social role can have on ordinary people, Jim jumped into the ocean to save a drowning man, risking his own life in the process. If a person is induced to do or say something which is contrary to his private opinion, there will be a tendency for him to change his opinion so as to bring it into correspondence with what he has done or said. soc. Putting these 11 in exception, the 60 remaining responses are the following: One of the questions that Festinger and Carlsmith were aiming to answer is how enjoyable were the tasks for the participants. Based on experiments by Festinger and Carlsmith, the idea that people are motivated to have consistent attitudes and behaviors. 47 14 The difference .between the One Dollar and Control conditions is not impressive at all (t = 1.21). It implies that if you want to change attitudes, all you have to do is change behavior, and the attitudes will follow along. 60 0 obj The larger the pressure used to elicit the [p. 210] overt behavior (beyond the minimum needed to elicit it) the weaker will be the above-mentioned tendency. The One Dollar condition is higher than the other two. The said images can be a reference to physical reality or in comparison to other people. While the S was working on these tasks the E sat, with a stop watch in his hand, busily making notations on a sheet of paper. The difference between the One Dollar and Twenty Dollar conditions is significant at the .03 level (t = 2.22). Harry's friend Logan studies a lot, so Harry assumes that Logan is smart. Many people resisted school desegregation, saying, "You can't change people's behavior before you change their attitudes.". Relat., 1953, 6, 185-214. 0000000974 00000 n Discourage questions and alternate solutions. Cognitive Dissonance and Festinger & Carlsmith's Study - Explorable York University, Toronto, Ontario. Dr. Nekita Fuller While it is true that the experiment took place in the 50s, the results are still being recognized up to this date. This is an example of, Vince has always believed children deserve the best prenatal care available. Those who got $1 to perform a boring task said the task was more interesting than did those who got $2. You tell your roommate she probably would not have said that if she had attended class the day the instructor discussed the topic of. 2018 12 5 1544039025 | Free Essay Examples | EssaySauce.com Add to folder How could they explain their own behavior to themselves? Social Psychology 309 Multiple Choice for Final Exam - Quizlet This is an example of_______ cause. The fact that a social role can lead to an increase in aggressive behavior points to _____as a major contributor to aggression. A fraction of the participants (the control group) was thanked and let go after an interview. _______ occurs when a person fails to take responsibility for actions or for inaction because of the presence of other people who are seen to share the responsibility. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203-210. In the third element of social identity theory, people use _______ to improve their self-esteem. Festinger, L. and Carlsmith, J. M. (1959). The part of a person's self-concept that is based on his or her identification with a nation, culture, or ethnic group or with gender or other roles in society is called. Introducing Cram Folders! AP Psych Exam - Social Psychology Quiz - Quizizz ] A theory of cognitive dissonance. If you change your attitudes, then presumably your behavior will change. This difference in Sandy's playing is most likely the result of_______. The present experiment was listed as a two-hour experiment dealing with "Measures of Performance.". JANIS, I.L. Eddie has made the _________. He must be a genius." Leon Festinger's 1957 cognitive dissonance theory suggests that we act to reduce the disharmony, or dissonance, of our conflicting feelings. >> From this point on they diverged somewhat. In conclusion, people, when persuaded to lie without being given enough justification, will perform a task by convincing themselves of the falsehood, rather than telling a lie. Hence, the alternative explanation discussed above cannot account for the findings. This is a direct result of Cognitive Dissonance. There is perhaps no surer way of infecting ourselves with virulent hatred toward a person than by doing him a grave injustice. Festinger and Carlsmith had predicted Specifically, as applied to our results, this a1ternative explanation would maintain that perhaps, for some reason, the Ss in the One Dollar condition worked harder at telling the waiting girl that the tasks were fun and enjoyable. Don't have time for it all now? The behavioral component of prejudice is______. What is the reason for the lack of action, according to Darley and Latane? Three conditions were run, Control, One Dollar, and Twenty Dollars as follows: If the S hesitated, the E said things like, "It will only take a few minutes," "The regular person is pretty reliable; this is the first time he has missed," or "If we needed you we could phone you a day or two in advance; if you couldn't make it of course, we wouldn't expect you to come." The new edition of Cognitive Dissonance: Re-examining a Pivotal Theory in Psychology contains 12 chapters and three appendices. They changed their attitudes to relieve the dissonance and fully believed that the activities were interesting. In groupthink, members of the group______. Festinger and Carlsmith - cognitive dissonance , Cognitive consequences of Forced Compliance. What is the Sacrifice Trap?
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