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Refine any search. (including. Josef's story is set in Nazi Germany in 1939. 4 Mar. The Syrian Civil War is still ongoing as of 2021. Josef's father, along with thousands of other Jewish men, was arrested and sent to Dachau, a concentration camp. The Landau's went through many hardships during the . The last date is today's -Graham S. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. How does the. eNotes.com The citation above will include either 2 or 3 dates. Josefs father gets sent to a concentration camp. Once a beautiful, thriving city, Aleppo is now a bombed shell of its former self. The citation above will include either 2 or 3 dates. LitCharts Teacher Editions. They board the ship St. Louis, based on the actual ship that brought Jewish refugees to Cuba and then to the United States but was denied entry by both.That ship had to return the refugees to Europe, where they were split among four countries, and when those countries . Refugee Characters. Mahmoud and his family travel through Serbia and into Hungary, where they are detained at a refugee camp that is built like a prison. Yet this episode also shows how Ruthie has been able to retain some of her innocence and childhood as she plays, which only showcases Josefs comparative maturity when he refuses. His family decides to leave and trek to Germany. With the threat of concentration camps looming, he and his family board a ship bound for the other side of the world, Isabel is a Cuban girl in 1994. You can view our. Within the portal, all users can view and copy all storyboards. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. eNotes Editorial. Lito, Isabels grandfather, also joins them. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. When students storyboard, they are actively engaged in the learning process and can make connections between the text and their own lives. Discount, Discount Code All three stories make for a great novel and it will teach you a lot and appreciate how good we have it. The Landaus disembark in France, which gives them some months of respite. On Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass, members of the Brownshirts, the police force of Nazi Germany, invade Josefs house and take away his father, Aaron Landau. Equally real are the events of 1994 depicted in the novel. Isabels story starts with a riot. Contact us Things dont go as planned when a fight breaks out and the family has to leave their car and belongings behind. What is a conflict in the book Refugee by Alan Gratz? No one else can view anything. Refugee is a powerful novel about three very different children. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. His father was put into a concentration camp during "The Night of Broken Glass," while Josef and his sister, Ruth watched their father being taken inhumanly. When the St. Louis reaches Havana Harbor in Cuba, the ship is not allowed to dock. date the date you are citing the material. The places where they live are in a horrifying state of turmoil. This heart-stopping novel is not only compelling it is necessary. This is a fascinating tale. Summary Themes Questions & Answers Characters Analysis Refugee Summary R efugee is a novel by Alan Gratz that examines three interrelated stories of the refugee experience. On the ship, Ruth, born in Nazi Germany, has the freedom to play openly for the first time in her life. Thus, the sea comes to represent death, chaos, and uncertainty at one level. Refugee is more than a story about children fleeing their homelands, it is a story about what unites us all love, family and perseverance. Refugee Chapters 22-32 Summary & Analysis. Josef Landau's story begins in 1938 in Nazi Germany. This is an engaging tale. Josef, his father, mother, and little sister Ruthie are all asleep when their home is invaded during Kristallnacht, the night when Nazi police and "Brownshirts" were directed to destroy Jewish shops, homes, and synagogues, and terrorize Jewish citizens all across Germany. At only 13, Josef takes on much of the family's responsibilities. eNotes.com, Inc. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. One example is when Josefs family falls apart and he has to be the leader by talking to other people and acting as the main adult of his family. This compelling novel will help young people make sense of todays refugee crisis. Meeting Aaron at Hamburg, Josef is shocked to see his once-confident father visibly anxious and harrowed. Summary Themes Questions & Answers Characters Analysis Refugee Themes T he main themes in Refugee are trauma and growing up, the dehumanization of refugees, and empathy and hope. They take a train to board the St. Louis, where it feels like paradise compared to the treatment they received the last couple of years. The rumor proves all too true, however, when the ship is marooned at the Cuban harbor for days, with officials telling the passengers day after day they will be allowed to disembark maanaSpanish for tomorrow. Aaron, who suffers a mental breakdown and jumps ship, is rescued by a Cuban police officer called Mariano Padron and allowed into Cuba, but Josef, Rachel, and Ruthand the rest of the passengers of the St. Louisare turned back. All storyboards are private and secure to the portal using enterprise-class file security hosted by Microsoft Azure. Isabels story starts with a riot. The rest, like Josef and his mother, were largely sent to concentration camps after Germany invaded other European countries. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! Making their way past ISIS operatives, they get to Turkey by road, where a boat is to take them to Greece tomorrow. Again, like it was for the Landaus at the Cuban coast, that tomorrow is deferred, day after day and week after week, and the family is forced to take shelter in an abandoned Turkish mall. Josef and his family flee Nazi Germany in 1938; Isabel and her family flee Cuba in 1994; and Mahmoud and his family flee Syria in 2015. eNotes.com Refugee looks readers straight in the eye, challenging them to truly see these kids who are battling the worst moments of our recent history. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. The elderly woman Mahmoud meets is Ruth, Josefs younger sister. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Josef is a Jewish boy in 1930s Nazi Germany. The book revolves around three main characters from three different eras: Nazi Germany, 1990s Cuba, and modern-day Syria. In the back of the book, the author Alan Gratz offers ways that people can help refugees like Josef, Isabel, Mahmoud, and their families. Log in here. This is a fascinating tale. On the sea, Mahmoud is marooned in the freezing Mediterranean, which ultimately capsizes his ramshackle raft. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Lito is rescued and deported to Cuba. Eventually, the rest of the family is rescued by the Greek Coast Guard and taken to Lesbos, where the coast is littered with the bodies of Syrian refugees who drowned in transit. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." Im a big fan of that, and it was executed brilliantly here. How does each of the characters experience the feeling of fear inRefugeeby Alan Gratz? The chapter ends as Josef searches for his father and realizes his father has jumped overboard. This is how Mahmoud puts it: No one cares about us if we stay out of your way, but if we come near you were seen as a burden. Gratz illustrates more dehumanization from the Nazis, exemplified in Schiendicks equation of the children with rats. Even though Aaron still lives, his suicide attempt shows not only his own inner despair but the trauma that this event causes for Josef. Josef Landauis fleeing Nazi Germany in 1939. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. According to history, most of the St. Louiss passengers had to return to Europe, denied asylum by Cuba and Europe. Josefs father gets sent to a concentration camp. What is the setting of "Games at Twilight"? What I really like about this book is the changing perspectives. Mahmoud Bishara is a twelve-year-old boy who lives in Aleppo, Syria in 2015. His selflessness is made evident when he sacrifices his own life for his sister's. Josef later dies in a concentration camp. Josef and Rachel were captured by the Nazis, while Ruth was adopted by a kind French family. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. Empathy and Social Responsibility. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! Last Updated on June 29, 2020, by eNotes Editorial. This is a powerful and inspirational book written by Alan Gratz, a great author. Each version of Storyboard That has a different privacy and security model that is tailored for the expected usage. creating and saving your own notes as you read. Josefs hope starts to waver following the discovery that the ship may not actually allow them to find a new life in Cuba. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. St. Louis, a ship taking Jewish refugees to Havana, Cuba. Her father is caught participating in the "Maleconazo" riot, during which citizens protested the government's civil rights abuses as well as the economic crisis that had plunged the nation into poverty. Josef Landau. Refine any search. Mahmouds city, the once-beautiful Aleppo, is particularly vulnerable, since it houses a large number of rebels opposed to al-Assad. Isabel wakes up, still in the boat, now 3 days from home. REFUGEE braids three different stories of young refugees. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. However, one day Castro announces that he wont enforce staying in the country anymore, and Isabels family is ready to leave in a small boat their friends made. Through the perils and forced courage of his protagonists, Gratz highlights the biggest tragedy of all refugee crises in history: the loss of childhood. Meanwhile, the civil war in Syria still continues to precipitate one of the worst humanitarian crises in history. After the war ended, Ruth returned to Germany to look for Josef and Rachel, but learned that the two were killed in concentration camps. Finally, storyboards are a great way to assess student understanding because they provide a visual representation of student learning. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs Alan Gratz is the bestselling author of a number of novels for young readers. In the end, these three stories are connected. The scale of the devastation in Syria is immense: Given its historical roots, why did Gratz write the novel as a work of fiction? In the book "Games at Twilight", what details do you notice that show this story is not taking place in the United States? The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. The Circuit: Stories from the Life of a Migrant Child. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. The frequent dangers that surround the boat underline the fragility of hope in the life of the novels asylum-seekers. The ship leaves for Europe, and Captain Schroeder promises to divide the passengers between England, Belgium, the Netherlands, and France. Storyboarding is an incredibly powerful tool for educators because it helps students process and understand the information in a deep, meaningful way. Comment on the use of imagery in "Games at Twilight.". If Cuba does not let the refugees in, it signifies a return to a society that is more than willing to be unjust and cruel toward them. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights, Refugee: Sometimes it can end up there. Because of this, they all want to escape to a safer place. eNotes.com, Inc. Josef warns his father that he must . These arent completely true stories, but these things do happen to real people, even today. Im a big fan of that, and it was executed brilliantly here. His 2017 novel Refugee has spent more than two years on the New York Times bestseller list, and is the winner of 14 state awards. A biblical reference to Noahs ark as the sanctuary bridging creatures over troubled waters is implicit in the novels boat imagery. This dude does his history homework and then hides it in a total page-turner. Their city of Aleppo is in ruins and the family decide that leaving Syria is their only option if they wish to survive. Refine any search. publication in traditional print. Forced to be an asylum-seeker himself, Lito finally understands the predicament of those on the ship. Josef's father grows anxious, and Josef fears the doctor will find his father mentally ill and turn the family away. A heartrending and important tale for our time. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. This is a must read for anyone, especially people who like history. Refugeeis both. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. It only gets worse for them, but in the end, he learns a powerful life lesson: Its better to be visible than invisible, because even though the bad people can harm you, the good people can help you. Before the ceremony begins, the Rabbi asks the captain to take down the portrait of Hitler, which the captain does. Complete your free account to request a guide. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. What details do you notice that show that this story is not taking place in the United States? On their way to Switzerland, the Landaus unfortunately run into German soldiers. Active Themes Related Quotes with Explanations Also, there are parallels between the three stories, and at the end, all of the three stories are connected. The rest of the passengers grow angry. Josef, his sister Ruth, and his mother all travel to Hamburg to board a ship that will take them to Cuba. Josefs story starts with Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass in 1938. The novel follows the stories of three refugee children in three different geographic locations and points in time. Teachers and parents! Please wait while we process your payment. Mahmoud's story is set in Syria in 2015 during the Syrian Civil War. This is a must read for anyone, especially people who like history. The second is the date of Mahmoud learns to shed his anonymity and turn more decisive as his raft flounders in the Mediterranean. After drifting off to the Bahamas, the Fernandez and Castillo families finally steer back on course to reach Florida, but not before Isabels mother delivers her baby brother in the boat. However, despite the presence of kind adults like Captain Schroeder, the ship is also haunted by Nazi spies, like Otto Schiendick, who mistreat Jews. "Refugee - Summary" eNotes Publishing Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida - 1994, 5 days (1) Themes and Colors Key Like everyone else during the Holocaust, he was scarred, both emotionally and physically. The journey aboard the St. Louis from Hamburg to Havana is a sunny interlude in Josef and Ruths troubled childhood. Isabels family and friends have always wanted to leave the country, but Castro will throw you in jail if you try to escape. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs Though the stories are fictionalized, the events they draw from are historical, enabling readers to empathize with the perils of those whose lives are too often dismissed as remote news stories. The places where they live are in a horrifying state of turmoil. With the fall of the Soviet Union, aid to Cuba has dried up, and many families starve. All three families make their asylum-seeking journeys on boats through perilous waters. The way the content is organized, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in, Injustice and Cruelty vs. Students will see themselves in the young protagonists: children faced with tragic circumstances but who, at their heart, are just kids who love their families and want to live in peace. Josef, his family, and the passengers are now faced with the possibility of being returned to Germany and to their certain death. This is a powerful and inspirational book written by Alan Gratz, a great author. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. It only gets worse for them, but in the end, he learns a powerful life lesson: Its better to be visible than invisible, because even though the bad people can harm you, the good people can help you. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. publication online or last modification online. The two families face many challenges as they try to cross the Caribbean Sea to Florida. Isabel trades her trumpet to a fisherman for gasoline, paying her familys way onto Ivns familys boat. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. All storyboards and images are private and secure. The Nazis labelling Aarons practice as a crime against the German people inherently detaches them from their own German culture. The smugglers raft is destroyed by rocks as they cross the Mediterranean. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. A gripping, visceral, and hold-your-breath intense story of three young refugees. Teachers can view all of their students storyboards, but students can only view their own. Summary Plot Overview Refugee follows the stories of three different children and their families, each attempting to flee their violent homelands, in different regions of the world and during different decades. Refugee is a young adult literature novel by Alan Gratz published by Scholastic Corporation in 2017. Josefs fathers mental state deteriorates further, and he eventually jumps from the ship, trying to kill himself. Josef is a Jewish boy in 1930s Nazi Germany. Order our Refugee (Alan Gratz) Study Guide, teaching or studying Refugee (Alan Gratz). Fast paced, insightful, filled with drama and tension. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. The stories are set in different times and places and are told from the perspective of the refugee children. Josef: Havana Harbor 1939, 19 days (2). Not only does Isabel rescue her father from arrest, she also sells her beloved trumpet to enable the family to buy gasoline to power the boat her neighbors, the Castillos, have been secretly building. However, beneath the surface, the ride isnt as perfect as it looks, and Josef has to take the initiative several times. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. For the last few years, there has been a war in his country between the Syrian government, rebels, the Soviets, the United States and several other factions. Refugee is both thrilling and heartrending. What are some ways that the characters were helped by the kindness and compassion of others? For one, fiction enables the reader to inhabit history in a way that textbooks and newsprint cannot accommodate. Thank you! publication in traditional print. Instant PDF downloads. What are some of the themes, symbols and motifs present in the novel? This is an easy summary of the book Refugee by Alan Gratz. Josef wonders what this means for (read more from the Pages 74 - 109 Summary). Storyboard That is the perfect tool for novel lesson plans and activities because it's so easy to use and extremely versatile. Renews March 11, 2023 All three stories make for a great novel and it will teach you a lot and appreciate how good we have it. After . 2023 . My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. From the outset, Gratz places readers in the middle of the action and immediately demonstrates the cruelty of the Nazis against the Jews. Meant to be read, discussed, and shared widely. This Study Guide consists of approximately 70pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - You're awesome. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Josef goes to find his sister but when he comes back his father is gone. Josef Landau Josef is a 13-year-old Jewish boy living in Germany in the 1930s. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights, Refugee: In large numbers, Cubans are protesting the regime of Fidel Castro, whose flawed policies they believe have led to the economic catastrophe. Writing of the Syrian crisis, he notes. The hatred that Josef experiences on the tour only reminds him, and the readers, of the stakes of the trip. As Landau's hysteria increases, Josef slaps his father's face. The novels subtler point is that this extraordinariness itself is terrible. Josef's life is turned upside down on the night when Nazi Brownshirts take his father away to a concentration camp. Frau Rosenberg takes Mahmoud aside and tells him the story of her childhood: she is Ruth, Josefs sister. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. If there are two dates, the date of publication and appearance Mahmoud hands his sister, Hana, to another passing raft of refugees, knowing that his mother cannot hold her and swim. A stunning, poignant novel about the plight of refugees Grade A. online is the same, and will be the first date in the citation. An elderly couple, Herr and Frau Rosenberg, welcome them into their home. The Nazis invade France just a few months after Josefs family arrives there. After a riot in Havana, Isabels family decides that they should also leave Cuba immediately. At another level, however, water represents change, which many of the main characters have to undergo either to survive or to redeem themselves. When Isabel is asked to play a song at her new school in America, she plays a Cuban salsa version of The Star-Spangled Banner.. Josef and his family flee Nazi Germany in 1938; Isabel and her family flee Cuba in 1994; and Mahmoud and his family flee Syria in 2015. However, the trouble begins when the ship docks in Havana harbor and the Cuban government does not allow the passengers to disembark. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Once he is released, the family flees to Cuba. The refugees are welcomed in Austria, and Mahmouds family takes a train to Germany. Things dont go as planned when a fight breaks out and the family has to leave their car and belongings behind.